This simulation compares the voltage across R, L, and C components when driven by a square wave input signal at 1 kHz. The top waveform display shows how each component responds differently to sudden voltage changes. In the R–R circuit, voltage follows the input instantly since resistors do not store energy — the waveform (green) matches the input. In the R–L circuit, the inductor resists sudden current changes, creating a sharp voltage spike at switching moments and an exponential decay, shown