🧬 Causes of Sperm DNA Damage 🧬 Did you know that sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) can result from various internal and external factors? Here are some key contributors: 1️⃣ **Problems During Sperm Production**: Errors in spermatogenesis, like defective chromatin packaging and abortive apoptosis, can lead to damaged DNA in sperm. 2️⃣ **Post-Testicular Damage**: Once sperm leave the testes, they can become vulnerable to oxidative stress, especially if stored in the epididymis for too long. 3️⃣ **Li

Is Sperm also responsible ? Sperm DNA damage (DNA fragmentation) affects both fertility and pregnancy outcomes. • It can cause infertility, poor embryo quality, and IVF/ICSI failure even when semen analysis is normal. • It is linked to recurrent miscarriage, failed implantation, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and low birth weight. • Common causes: oxidative stress, smoking, varicocele, infections, heat, toxins, and advanced paternal age. • A DNA fragmentation index (DFI) >25–30% is usually conside

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