Why do we use composite layering techniques? Because composite shrinks during polymerization.�Layering helps control shrinkage stress, improve marginal adaptation, and increase the longevity of restorations. Vertical, horizontal, cuspal, and oblique layering each aim to manage stress in different ways.�Bulk curing is faster, but highly dependent on material selection and case indication. There is no universal technique.�The right choice depends on the cavity design, the material, and clinical co