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  1. Mathematics | Definition, History, & Importance | Britannica

    Jan 11, 2026 · Mathematics, the science of structure, order, and relation that has evolved from counting, measuring, and describing the shapes of objects. Mathematics has been an indispensable adjunct to …

  2. Foundations of mathematics | History & Facts | Britannica

    Because mathematics has served as a model for rational inquiry in the West and is used extensively in the sciences, foundational studies have far-reaching consequences for the reliability and extensibility …

  3. Mathematics - Ancient Egypt, Numbers, Geometry | Britannica

    Jan 11, 2026 · What is known of Egyptian mathematics tallies well with the tests posed by the scribe Hori. The information comes primarily from two long papyrus documents that once served as …

  4. Mathematics - Islamic World, 8th-15th Century | Britannica

    Jan 11, 2026 · Mathematics - Islamic World, 8th-15th Century: In Hellenistic times and in late antiquity, scientific learning in the eastern part of the Roman world was spread over a variety of centres, and …

  5. Mathematics - Ancient Sources, History, Culture | Britannica

    Jan 11, 2026 · Mathematics - Ancient Sources, History, Culture: It is important to be aware of the character of the sources for the study of the history of mathematics. The history of Mesopotamian …

  6. STEM | Description, Development, & Facts | Britannica

    Dec 12, 2025 · STEM, field and curriculum centred on education in the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

  7. Mathematics - Calculus, Algebra, Geometry | Britannica

    Jan 11, 2026 · Advances in numerical calculation, the development of symbolic algebra and analytic geometry, and the invention of the differential and integral calculus resulted in a major expansion of …

  8. Mathematics - Computation, Algorithms, Theory | Britannica

    Jan 11, 2026 · Mathematics - Computation, Algorithms, Theory: All of these debates came together through the pioneering work of the German mathematician Georg Cantor on the concept of a set.

  9. Mathematics - Egyptian, Assessment, History | Britannica

    Jan 11, 2026 · The Greeks divided the field of mathematics into arithmetic (the study of “multitude,” or discrete quantity) and geometry (that of “magnitude,” or continuous quantity) and considered both to …

  10. Indian mathematics | Ancient History, Vedic Texts, Contributions ...

    This article covers the history of mathematics in the Indian subcontinent from ancient times through the beginning of the colonization of the region by Great Britain. During and after the 19th century, Indian …