A machine learning gradient boosting regression system, also called a gradient boosting machine (GBM), predicts a single numeric value. A GBM is an ensemble (collection) of simple decision tree ...

In many problems of maximum likelihood estimation, it is impossible to carry out either the E-step of the EM algorithm. The present paper introduces a gradient algorithm that is closely related to the ...

The most widely used technique for finding the largest or smallest values of a math function turns out to be a fundamentally difficult computational problem. Many aspects of modern applied research ...