Directional valves such as Parker Hannifin's B3G-Series threeway (left) and four-way valves are often used to control pneumatic operations.

Directional-control valves are vital in any pneumatic circuit, directing or blocking airflow to control the speed or sequence of operations.

The paper investigates, by means of a 3D, steady-state, incompressible and isothermal CFD analysis, the influence of the notch shape and number on proportional directional control valves metering edge ...