Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement is the standard procedure in the management of hydrocephalus. The introduction of laparoscopy allows better visualization during the operation and a more ...
A 5-mm optic trocar is inserted next to the navel after a sufficient pneumoperitoneum has been established. A peel-away needle is used to puncture the peritoneum. The distal shunt, which has been ...
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