“A top-down approach starts with a big picture, breaking it down into smaller components until achieving the objective. A bottom-up approach starts with small, individual components and builds to a ...

Instead of applying a universal template to all climate-related disasters—in which we issue funding to support reconstruction, restoration and relocation—we must collaborate with those impacted to ...

IT management efforts to focus on service delivery within the enterprise are hamstrung by traditional IT management tools that view the world from a bottom-up perspective – a method of managing ...

In the aftermath of the post-financial crisis, the investment landscape experienced a profound transformation. This environment, experts believe, rewarded overly risky investment behaviors. AJ ...

For years now, the discourse in liberal philanthropy has been all about sharing power as well as giving away money. By making long-term, unrestricted grants to nonprofits, donors place decision-making ...

From the grid plans of ancient Greek cities to the Renaissance's idealized urban layouts, the history of urban planning is a reflection of evolving power structures and societal priorities. Across the ...