There are many secondary functions associated with designing an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal chain, but one of the most important might be the most underrated: making sure that the electrodes are ...

All periodic signals can be described in terms of amplitude and phase. We all learned that in basic circuit theory. You surely recall having to calculate signal’s phase change when it passed through a ...

Lock-in amplifiers were invented in the 1930s [1, 2, 3] and commercialized [4] in the mid 20 th century as electrical instruments that are capable of extracting signal amplitudes and phases in ...

The author is technical publications manager and a senior technical writer at Audio Precision in Beaverton, Ore. When reduced to its basics, the process of audio test and measurement is concerned with ...

Modern oscilloscopes capture, view, measure, and analyze complex RF signals in the time, frequency, and modulation domains. Time-domain analysis, the original oscilloscope function, allows users to ...