In flowering plants, the transition from cross-fertilization (outcrossing) to self-fertilization has evolved repeatedly across species. This shift is often accompanied by a well-known set of traits ...

In vitro fertilization (IVF) in mammals encompasses a series of coordinated steps that replicate the natural union of gametes outside the body. Following ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval, ...

Sperm selection in the female reproductive tract (FRT) is sophisticated. Only about 1,000 sperm out of millions in an ejaculate reach the fallopian tube and thus have a chance of fertilizing an oocyte ...