Risk Culture is an upstream causal driver of nearly every downstream risk category — because how people behave determines how ...

Paul Kaplan: Quoting Benjamin Disraeli, Mark Twain famously quipped, "There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies, and statistics." In the field of investments, in which we rely heavily on ...

What’s the link between ice cream sales and crime rates? Let’s say an overzealous rookie reporter finds that ice cream sales and crime rates tend to increase and decrease together. This can suggest a ...

In the first case, there is a strong upward-sloping relationship between X and Y; in the second case, no apparent relationship; in the third case, a strong downward-sloping relationship. Note the ...